ABSTRACT
IL-22 is a member of IL-10 cytokine family. In recent years, increasing evidence has shown that IL-22 is closely related to the immunity in female reproductive tract, and its role in disease development is two-sided. It can not only maintain the balance of microbiota, enhance the resistance to pathogens and reduce the tissue damage caused by infection, but also promote the development and progression of malignant diseases via various signaling pathways. More studies on the biological characteristics and functions of IL-22 are needed for clarifying the pathogenic mechanism and providing new insight into the diagnosis and treatment of female reproductive tract diseases.
ABSTRACT
Background@#Enteritis is one of the most frequently reported symptoms in piglets infected with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), but the immunopathogenesis has not been reported. @*Objectives@#This study examined the effect of a PCV2 infection on the intestinal mucosal immune function through morphological observations and immune-related molecular detection. @*Methods@#Morphological changes within the ileum of piglets during a PCV2 infection were observed. The expression of the related-molecules was analyzed using a gene chip. The immunocyte subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry. The secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) content was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. @*Results@#The PCV2 infection caused ileal villus damage, intestinal epithelial cells exfoliation, and an increase in lymphocytes in the lamina propria at 21 days post-infection.Differentially expressed genes occurred in the defense response, inflammatory response, and the complement and coagulation cascade reactions. Most of them were downregulated significantly at the induction site and upregulated at the effector site. The genes associated with SIgA production were downregulated significantly at the induction site. In contrast, the expression of the Toll-like receptor-related genes was upregulated significantly at the effector site. The frequencies of dendritic cells, B cells, and CD8 + T cells were upregulated at the 2 sites. The SIgA content decreased significantly in the ileal mucosa. @*Conclusions@#PCV2 infections can cause damage to the ileum that is associated with changes in immune-related gene expression, immune-related cell subsets, and SIgA production.These findings elucidated the molecular changes in the ileum after a PCV2 infection from the perspective of intestinal mucosal immunity, which provides insights into a further study for PCV2-induced enteritis.
ABSTRACT
Anti-angiogenesis is one of the important ways to control tumor growth and metastasis, and searching for anti-angiogenesis herbs targeting tumor angiogenesis has become a hot topic in both basic and clinical research for tumor. Utilizing the traditional Chinese medicine theory, authors of this article discussed the feasibility and research of anti-angiogenesis effect of Chinese medicine on tumor. To develop new drugs inhibiting tumor angiogenesis from the Chinese native herbal medicine has an extremely vital significance in blocking tumor invasion and metastasis, as well as improving the patients' prognosis and their survival rates.